Vanek, norbert 000000027805184x and selinker, larry 2017. Language transfer and language universals susan gass. The field of second language learning is shown to encompass the study of interlanguage phenomena, which reflect the conditions under which language is learned and used. Interlanguage pragmatics is the study of the ways nonnative speakers acquire, comprehend, and use linguistic patterns or speech acts in a second language. Because articles often combine the marking of indefinite ness with the.
Gass and selinker 1983, chapter 1 and selinker, forthcoming, clapter. An interlanguage is idiosyncratically based on the learners experiences. Pdf interlanguage transfer of function words researchgate. Larry selinker 1972 introduced the term interlanguage intermediate states or interim grammars of a learners language as it moves toward the target l2 creative process, driven by inner forces in interaction with environmental factors, and influenced by input from tl characteristics. In 1972, selinker introduced the concept of interlanguage, which built upon pit corders previous work on the nature of language learners errors. Interlanguage in undergraduates academic english core. The learner does not select accidentally from his store of interlanguage rules, but in predictable ways. Selinker 1972 introduced the term interlanguage to refer to the language produced by a learner, seen as a unique linguistic system different from the learners l1 and from the target language, but using elements from both.
In the learner group, interlanguage temporal expressions combining source and. It also refers to the series of languages that have been constructed over a period of time. Draws on wideranging research into contrastive analysis, bilingualism, theoretical linguistics and experimental psychology. As native speakers of a language, we know that the way we combine. Interlanguage is based on the theory that there is a psychological structure latent in the brain which is activated when one attempts to learn a second language. Usha lakshmanan and larry selinker 4 applies to interlanguage is a communicative strategy during which speakers use certain aspects of their mother tongue to express. The term describes learner language as systematic, and yet as dynamic and transitional. Pdf this study investigated the use of nonnative function words in the written. The first public presentation of the ideas leading up to the interlanguage il hypothesis occurred a decade ago at the second international congress of applied linguistics selinker 1969. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Definition interlanguage is the type of language produced by second and foreign language learners who are in the process of learning a language. The interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind makes its own generalizations upon grappling with a new language, argues that the errors that a learner makes in the rules of the target language are often in fact correct by the rules of an interlanguage invented by the learner as a provisional and sufficiently workable substitute. Selinker interlanguage second language second language.
He is now preparing a 40plus year fossilization study. This book, which includes 12 chapters by distinguished researchers in the field of second language acquisition, traces the conceptual history of language transfer from its early role within a contrastive analysis framework to its current position. Viewing 1 post of 1 total author posts february 15, 2020 at 5. The relationship between interlanguage, learning and cross. The term interlanguage was first coined and developed in the interlanguage theory published in 1972 under the authorship of larry selinker, a well known sla theorist 3. These chunks are often not immediately obvious to the learner or anyone that listens to them speak, but may be noticed as the learners l2 system becomes more developed and they use the chunk in a context where it does not apply. Susan m gass and larry selinker oxford academic journals. Pidginization, creolization, interlanguage, and language fossilization 53 interlanguage theory interlanguage theory started with a basic observation about the sla process, that is, that a sl learner goes through a series of approximative stages in the process of acquiring a 1l, and errors often cannot be explained solely by transfer from the nl. The new perspective which an examination of this phenomenon gives us is thus very helpful both in an identification of. Selinker s interlanguage theory selinker s interlanguage theory proposes that second language learners produce their own selfcontained system that falls somewhere between the l1 and the l2 systems. Savilletroike 2006 named interlanguage as transfer. Elaine tarone, susan gass, miriam eisenstein, larry selinker, jan hulstijn. The study of native language influence in second language acquisition has undergone significant changes over the past few decades. Selinkers interlanguage theory by erin tillman on prezi.
Pdf the current state of interlanguage download read. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. The interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found. His paper interlanguage selinker, 1972 was intended to stimulate research into the structure and development of the linguistic system underlying the language spontaneously produced by adult second language learners. Updating the interlanguage hypothesis studies in second. According to selinker 1978, interlanguage fossilization falls into two categories, namely individual fossilization and group fossilization. This stateoftheart volume presents an outstanding collection of 22 studies on current issues facing research in secondlanguage acquisition sla. The former is the persistence of individual learners il development, while the latter is the plateau in the diachronic development of. An interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language which preserves some features of their first language, and can also overgeneralize some l2 writing and speaking rules. Mohammad hamad alkhresheh assistant professor of applied linguistics faculty of arts isra university abstract the role of first language l1. Interlanguage refers to the language a learner has constructed at a specific point in time, an interlanguage. An account of the development of research and thinking in the field of learner language. Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition.
These include the processes of language transfer, transfer of training, strategies of learning, strategies of communication, and overgeneralization. Larry selinker helped found the field of second language acquisition, suggesting early on selinker, 1972, the robust concepts of interlanguage and fossilization, and conducting one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research. Next, we revisit the issue of the comparative fallacy in l2 research. The next paper in the volume, the interlanguage paper, builds on the previous paper in discussing the structured nature of il. The editors sought contributions for this volume from seasoned veterans of sla like lydia white and susan gass, from wellknown researchers in linguistics andor first. These two characteristics of an interlanguage result in the systems unique linguistic organization. Towards building an interlanguage semantics larry selinker. Larry selinker proposed the theory of interlanguage in 1972, noting that in a given situation the utterances produced by the learner are different from those native speakers would. Covariation between temporal interlanguage features and. Home forums uk voice forum interlanguage theory selinker pdf editor tagged. Wrestling with context in interlanguage theory, applied linguistics, volume 6, issue 2, 1 january 1985, pages 190204, s. Some empirical studies larry sellnker and dan douglas abstract\. The term interlanguage was first proposed by larry selinker in 1972, and has. Selinker noted that in a given situation, the utterances produced by a learner are different from those.
Interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second and foreignlanguage learners who are in the process of learning a target language. Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research. Earlier version of this paper was read at the second international congress of applied linguistics, cambridge university, cambridge, england, in september 1969. Ca and ea paved the way for interlanguage theory il hereinafter in. The interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind makes its own generalizations upon grappling with a new language, argues that the errors that a learner makes in the rules of the. An interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker, who coined the terms interlanguage and fossilization.
Interlanguage is a term that describes the language learners journey from his native language l1 to acquisition of the target language l2. Interlanguage theory selinker pdf editor uk voice forum. We first consider the effects of the comparative fallacy in relation to analyses of interlanguage with a target language bias. We argue that the comparative fallacy in interlanguage studies, regardless of the nature of the bias i. Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research field of second language acquisition, having introduced the concepts interlanguage and fossil ization. In spite of the instability of interlanguage, it is possible to detect the rulebased nature of the learner s interlanguage. Next, we extend the comparative fallacy to include interlanguage analysis where the bias is towards the native language. Interlanguage was the first significant theory which tried to explain l2 acquisition.
1360 1000 761 143 793 160 36 1295 288 331 1236 802 793 161 931 335 1263 1025 906 83 287 900 1315 1268 1340 715 1239 710 991 1039 1057 750